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Development of a Food-Based Diet Quality Score from a Short FFQ and Associations with Obesity Measures, Eating Styles and Nutrient Intakes in Finnish Twins

Year of publication

2019

Authors

Masip, Guiomar; Keski-Rahkonen, Anna; Pietiläinen, Kirsi H.; Kujala, Urho M.; Rottensteiner, Mirva; Väisänen, Karoliina ; Kaprio, Jaakko; Bogl, Leonie H.

Abstract

We constructed a food-based diet quality score (DQS) and examined its association with obesity measures, eating styles and nutrient intakes. Participants were 3592 individuals (764 dizygotic [DZ] and 430 monozygotic [MZ] twin pairs) from the FinnTwin16 study. The DQS (0–12 points) was constructed from a short 14 item food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measures and eating styles were self-reported. Nutrient intakes were calculated from food diaries completed in a subsample of 249 individuals (45 same-sex DZ and 60 MZ twin pairs). Twins were analyzed both as individuals and as twin pairs. The DQS was inversely associated with body mass index (β = −0.12, per one-unit increase in DQS, p < 0.001), waist circumference (β = −0.34, p < 0.001), obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 0.95, p = 0.004) and abdominal obesity (OR: 0.88, p < 0.001), independent of sex, age, physical activity and education. A higher DQS was associated with health-conscious eating, having breakfast, less snacking, fewer evening meals, and a higher frequency and regularity of eating. The DQS was positively correlated with the intakes of protein, fiber and magnesium and negatively correlated with the intakes of total fat, saturated fat and sucrose. Within twin pairs, most of the associations between the DQS with eating styles and some nutrients remained, but the DQS was not associated with obesity measures within twin pairs. The DQS is an easy-to-use tool for ranking adults according to diet quality and shows an association with obesity measures, eating styles and key nutrients in the expected direction.
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Organizations and authors

University of Helsinki

Keski-Rahkonen Anna

Masip Guiomar

Kaprio Jaakko

Pietiläinen Kirsi H.

Bogl Leonie H.

University of Jyväskylä

Rottensteiner Mirva Orcid -palvelun logo

Kujala Urho Orcid -palvelun logo

Helsinki University Hospital Catchment Area

Keski-Rahkonen Anna

Masip Guiomar

Kaprio Jaakko

Pietiläinen Kirsi H.

Bogl Leonie H.

Publication type

Publication format

Article

Parent publication type

Journal

Article type

Original article

Audience

Scientific

Peer-reviewed

Peer-Reviewed

MINEDU's publication type classification code

A1 Journal article (refereed), original research

Publication channel information

Parent publication name

Nutrients

Volume

11

Issue

11

Article number

2561

​Publication forum

77023

​Publication forum level

1

Open access

Open access in the publisher’s service

Yes

Open access of publication channel

Fully open publication channel

Self-archived

Yes

Other information

Fields of science

General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine; Health care science; Public health care science, environmental and occupational health; Sport and fitness sciences

Keywords

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Publication country

Switzerland

Internationality of the publisher

International

Language

English

International co-publication

Yes

Co-publication with a company

No

DOI

10.3390/nu11112561

The publication is included in the Ministry of Education and Culture’s Publication data collection

Yes