There is ever increasing evidence that variable solar activity influences the Earth's climate system. Only very recently, it has been suggested that conditions of the climate system itself modulate how strong the solar influence is. In this project we will 1) clarify the mechanisms of how the conditions in the Earth's climate system regulate the solar influence on climate, 2) take into account these solar related influences and improve long-term predictions of climate variations and 3) for the first time consider and quantify the impacts of solar related climate variability on the society's consumption and production of energy. The project is therefore relevant both scientifically and societally. The research employs historical measurements of climate, space and energy statistics as well as climate modeling and will be done at Space Physics and Astronomy research unit at University of Oulu.

2023

2027