Near-Earth space utilisation is under a dramatic transition: Commercial use of space, regulation, geopolitics, and the demand for green and digital transition are changing fast. All these rely on satellite technologies and make the society increasingly dependent on space. Especially in target for the future are two issues: 1) the use of Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) under 450 km altitudes, and 2) the reliability of satellites under the most extreme space weather conditions. SpaceResilience consortium includes the leading space physics and technology experts in Finland. Our world-wide unique combination of modelling and observations in the near-Earth space will be used to quantitatively understand the ionosphere–thermosphere system both during moderate and extreme space weather conditions. Our combined effort will bring environmental, societal, technological, and economical resilience to the utilisation of space.

2026

2028