This dataset contains detailed data describing the variety of structures used in the Finnish building stock. The main data contains structural layer properties like type, thickness, and material by source and structure. This dataset is primarily based on the [RT-card database](https://kortistot.rakennustieto.fi/kortistot/rt-kortisto) owned by [Rakennustieto Oy](https://www.rakennustieto.fi/), and as such, cannot be shared freely. See the end of the README for a detailed description of the dataset. ## Contents Here's a quick overview of the important contents of this dataset, and a brief description of each file. For a detailed description of this dataset, see the end of the README. 1. `datapackage.json`, the [Data Package](https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/) definition. 2. `data/fenestration.csv`, empty file currently required by [Spine Toolbox](https://github.com/Spine-project/Spine-Toolbox) [Data Package](https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/) import. 3. `data/materials.csv`, lists all the different materials and their properties that are relevant for the structures. 4. `data/sources.csv`, lists the different `sources` for the structural data used in this dataset. 5. `data/structure_descriptions.csv`, lists each `structure` by `source`, and their overall properties and descriptions. 6. `data/structural_layers.csv`, contains the detailed structural data down to individual layers. 7. `data/types.csv`, empty file required by import, see `data/fenestration.csv`. 8. `data/ventilation.csv`, empty file required by import, see `data/fenestration.csv`. 9. `data/ventilation_spaces.csv`, empty file required by import, see `data/fenestration.csv`. ## Usage The dataset is formatted as a [Data Package](https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/), hopefully facilitating interoperability and reuse. However, this dataset was originally designed to be used via [Spine Toolbox](https://github.com/Spine-project/Spine-Toolbox), and as an add-on for the [`finnish_default_structural_data`](https://vttgit.vtt.fi/flexib/finnish_default_structural_data) dataset. 1. Add a *Data Connection* item, and refer it to the `datapackage.json` file. 2. Use the *Add specification from a file* option from the toolbar, and select the `import_finnish_structural_data.json` file from the [`finnish_default_structural_data`](https://vttgit.vtt.fi/flexib/finnish_default_structural_data) dataset, in order to add the necessary *Importer* definition. 3. Add an *Importer* item, connect the above *Data Connection* to it, and select the above importer specification for it. 4. Connect the *Importer* to the desired *Spine Datastore* where you want the data to be imported to. Should be imported into the same *Datastore* as [`finnish_default_structural_data`](https://vttgit.vtt.fi/flexib/finnish_default_structural_data) data. ## License All rights reserved, see `LICENSE` for more information. ## Acknowledgements This dataset was built for the [Academy of Finland](https://www.aka.fi/en) project [*"Integration of building flexibility into future energy systems (FlexiB)"*](https://akareport.aka.fi/ibi_apps/WFServlet?IBIF_ex=x_hakkuvaus2&CLICKED_ON=&HAKNRO1=332421&UILANG=en&TULOSTE=HTML) under grant agreement No 332421. [CSC – IT Center for Science, Finland](https://csc.fi/en/home) provides the [Fairdata.fi](https://www.fairdata.fi/en/) service for easy research metadata publication. # Dataset description This section hopes to describe the raw data in enough detail to give you a better idea of what is and isn't included in the dataset. Since the raw data is primarily based on the (RT-card database)[https://kortistot.rakennustieto.fi/kortistot/rt-kortisto] owned by Rakennustieto Oy, it is likely that only the descriptive metadata of this dataset can ever be published. Overall, this dataset contains information from 41 RT-cards since 1943 until 2020. All structural measurements in `data/structural_layers.csv` use the minimum thickness written in the guidelines, and as sparse spacing as possible for load-bearing framed structures. This is done under the assumption that most construction tries to save as much material costs as possible. This may result in underestimating the thermal mass of the structures, and even unrealistic load-bearing structures for larger buildings. However, without specific use cases, it's impossible to size the structures properly, and so the minimum given measurements are used instead as a compromise. In general, structure descriptions from the 40s-60s are significantly less detailed than later ones, and a lot of parameters had to be estimated based on similar examples or other RT-cards at the time. The design U-values presented in `data/structure_descriptions.csv` are accurate from around the 70s onwards. Before that, no accurate design values have been presented consistently in the RT-cards, and a large share of the values were estimated using the guides at the time. Currently, the weights of each structure for each building type in `data/structure_descriptions.csv` is based solely on guessimation. It might be possible to refine these values based on data from e.g. Statistics Finland, but I've yet to try and do so. ## `data/fenestration.csv` *(Dummy file)* This is a dummy file with no data, in order to use the same [Spine Toolbox](https://github.com/Spine-project/Spine-Toolbox) [Data Package](https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/) importer specification as the [`finnish_default_structural_data`](https://vttgit.vtt.fi/flexib/finnish_default_structural_data) dataset. ## `data/materials.csv` This file defines the different `structure_materials`, links them to the appropriate `frame_material`, as well as contains their necessary thermal properties. Minimum and maximum values found in the literature are reported for density (kg/m3), specific heat (J/kgK), and thermal conductivity (W/mK). Primary source [Rakennusmateriaalisen rakennusfysikaaliset ominaisuudet](https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/123456789/23014) by Katariina Laine 2010, auxiliary source Finnish Building Code C4 2012 draft. Missing values from [EngineeringToolbox](https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/), or simply guesstimated. ## `data/sources.csv` This file defines the different `sources` of data, and contains the `source_year` and `source_description` parameters for each `source`. Essentially, each `source` corresponds to an RT-card, containing recommended structures at the time the RT-card was published (`source_year`). The `source_description` parameter contains a brief description of the contents of each `source`. ## `data/structure_descriptions.csv` This file defines each `structure` by `source`, as well as a pivot table for guesstimated `weights` of each `structure` by `building_type`. Furthermore, the `design_U_value_W/m2K` and a brief `description` of each `structure` is included, as are `structure_notes` about the assumption regarding the assumed `weights`. ## `data/structural_layers.csv` This file defines each the properties of individual structural layers, represented using a `layer_id`. Each `layer_id` is attributed to a specific structure indicated by the `(source, structure)` pair, and each structure is assigned a `structure_type` from `[roof, exterior_wall, base_floor, separating_floor, partition_wall]` *(this really should be a property in `structure_descritions.csv`, but is currently defined here, unfortunately)*. Furthermore, each `layer_id` is attributed to a `structure_material`, which determines the material properties for that layer. The rest of the columns are layer-specific parameters, described below: - `layer_weight`: Describes the approximated share of the total volume in the case of overlapping `layers`, e.g. different types of furring with space in between the material. - `layer_number`: Determines the order of the `layers` in the `structure`, explained in detail further down. - `layer_minimum_thickness_mm`: Determines the minimum possible thickness of the `layer` in millimetres. - `layer_load_bearing_thickness_mm`: Determines the minimum thickness of the `layer` in millimetres, when the `structure` is load-bearing. - `layer_tag`: Describes the primary purpose of the `layer`. - `notes`: Contains additional information about possible assumptions, dimensioning, furring, etc. All the structures have their layers enumerated using the `layer_number` to indicate their order in the structure. For envelope structures, the ordering of the layers is relative to the thermal insulation layer, with the thermal insulation layer being the zeroth layer. Structural layers towards the exterior of increase into positive numbers, and structural layers towards the interior decrease into negative numbers. For separating floors and partition walls, the ordering of the layers is relative to the load-bearing layer. Numbering of structural layers of separating floors and partition walls is based on their order in the RT card, with the topmost structure being the positive extreme. ## `data/types.csv` *(Dummy file)* This is a dummy file with no data, in order to use the same [Spine Toolbox](https://github.com/Spine-project/Spine-Toolbox) [Data Package](https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/) importer specification as the [`finnish_default_structural_data`](https://vttgit.vtt.fi/flexib/finnish_default_structural_data) dataset. ## `data/ventilation_spaces.csv` *(Dummy file)* This is a dummy file with no data, in order to use the same [Spine Toolbox](https://github.com/Spine-project/Spine-Toolbox) [Data Package](https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/) importer specification as the [`finnish_default_structural_data`](https://vttgit.vtt.fi/flexib/finnish_default_structural_data) dataset. ## `data/ventilation.csv` *(Dummy file)* This is a dummy file with no data, in order to use the same [Spine Toolbox](https://github.com/Spine-project/Spine-Toolbox) [Data Package](https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/) importer specification as the [`finnish_default_structural_data`](https://vttgit.vtt.fi/flexib/finnish_default_structural_data) dataset.

2022