This dataset contains airborne hyperspectral and laser scanning data from four study sites located in boreal, hemiboreal, and temperate forests in Finland, Estonia, and the Czech Republic. The data collection and preprocessing have been described in detail in **Rautiainen et al. (2024). A spectral-structural characterization of European temperate, hemiboreal and boreal forests**. See a technical README document provided together with the data for details on the contents and formats of the data files. **Citation:** When using the data, please cite - Rautiainen, M., Hovi, A., Schraik, D., Hanuš, J., Lukeš, P., Lhotáková, Z., & Homolová, L. (2024). A spectral-structural characterization of European temperate, hemiboreal and boreal forests. More information on the article from the authors. - Hovi, A., Schraik, D., Hanuš, J., Lukeš, P., Lhotáková, Z., Homolová, L., & Rautiainen, M. A spectral-structural characterization of European temperate, hemiboreal and boreal forests: Airborne data. Aalto University. https://doi.org/10.23729/c6da63dd-f527-4ec9-8401-57c14f77d19f An accompanying dataset, comprising field and laboratory data on forest canopy structure and spectral properties of canopy elements and forest floor in the same study sites, is available at [https://doi.org/10.23729/9a8d90cd-73e2-438d-9230-94e10e61adc9](https://doi.org/10.23729/9a8d90cd-73e2-438d-9230-94e10e61adc9).

2024