Spatial data on multiple threats to biodiversity at 1 km resolution for all global terrestrial areas. Available data covers threats such as mining density, road density, fire occurrence and climate change, with a current total of 24 layers to be increased in the future. These allow full comparability and ease of use under common statistical frameworks for global change studies, species distribution modelling, threat assessments, quantification of ecosystem services and disturbance, among multiple other uses. SPECTRE’s layers are broadly separated into 5 categories: 1) Habitat loss 2) Overexploitation 3) Pollution 4) Invasive species ( temporarily unavailable due to a lack of data that meet our criteria for inclusion) 5) Climate change Datasets is described in this data article: Branco, V.V., Capinha, C., Rocha, J., Correia, L. and Cardoso, P. (2025), SPECTRE: Standardised Global Spatial Data on Terrestrial SPecies and ECosystems ThREats. Global Ecol Biogeogr, 34: e13949. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13949 Coordinate system: WGS-84 (EPSG:4326)

2023