Bioclimate change across the protected area network of Finland

Bioclimate change across the protected area network of Finland

Description

11 key bioclimatic variables over Finland during the period 1961–2020 based on a gridded climatology. Mean values for periods 1961-1990 and 1991-2020, difference between mean_9120 and mean_6190 and significance (0/1) for the change. Files are in GeoTiff-format, i.e. consistent with gis software (R, ArcView and so on). Variable list : - Annual mean air temperature (°C) Average of daily mean air temperatures between 1 January and 31 December. Energy availability - species richness relationship, ranges and abundances of warm- vs. cold-adapted species3; completion of annual life cycle. - Annual precipitation sum (mm) Sum of daily precipitation levels between 1 January and 31 December. Key factor for water-limited and water-dependent communities, joint driver with temperature to ecosystem productivity - Growing season length (days) Count of days between the onset and termination dates of the thermal growing season. Thermal growing season is defined based on a daily mean threshold temperature of 5 °C following the methodology by Ruosteenoja et al. (2016) with an additional criterion that snow depth equals to 0 cm on the onset date of the thermal growing season. Completion of life cycle and successful population regeneration, key determinant of plant growth8; multiple insect species generations within a year - Growing degree-day (GDD) sum (°C days) The cumulative sum of daily mean temperatures exceeding 5 °C during the growing season. Ranges and abundances of warm- vs. cold-adapted species, completion of life cycle and successful population regeneration. - Number of drought days Count of days when daily precipitation level has been below 1 mm for more than 10 consecutive days between 1 April and 1 October. Increased plant drought stress and mortality, declined food and habitat resources for animals. - Water balance (mm) Precipitation minus evapotranspiration between 1 April and 30 September. Moisture resources for vegetation and insect host and nectar plants, alteration of top-down effects on animal food webs. - Heat sum (°C days) The cumulative sum of 5-day running means of daily maximum temperatures exceeding 25 °C between 1 April and 1 October. Increased plant drought stress and mortality, declined food and habitat resources for animals. - Number of frost days in spring Count of days with minimum temperature < 0 °C when snow depth equals to 0 cm between 1 April and 30 June. Energetic costs and cold injury due to lack of snow cover, changes in spring phenological events. - Number of zero-crossing days Count of days with maximum temperature > 0 °C and minimum temperature < 0 °C between 1 January and 30 June. Increased frequency of biological thresholds crossing freeze - thaw cycling, energetic costs and cold injury, - Number of snow-covered days Count of days with snow depth ≥ 1 cm between 1 September and 31 August. Duration of insulating snow cover, earlier vs. delayed warm-season resource gathering. - Number of rain-on-snow days Count of days with daily mean temperature ≥ 0.5 °C, snow depth ≥ 1 cm and precipitation level ≥ 1 mm between 1 September and 30 June. Limited resource availability to mammals and birds, energetic costs and vegetation damage.
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Year of publication

2023

Authors

Aalto, Juha - Creator

Pirinen, Pentti - Creator

Other information

Fields of science

Geosciences

Language

English

Open access

Open

License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Keywords

INSPIRE theme: climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, biodiversity conservation; climate change; Northern Europe; protected area; gridded data
Bioclimate change across the protected area network of Finland - Research.fi