Chemical imaging to reveal the resin distribution in impregnation-treated wood at different spatial scales
Year of publication
2022
Authors
Altgen, Michael; Awais, Muhammad; Altgen, Daniela; Klüppel, André; Koch, Gerald; Mäkelä, Mikko; Olbrich, Andrea; Rautkari, Lauri
Abstract
<p>An inhomogeneous chemical distribution can be problematic in many biomaterial applications, including wood impregnation. Since wood is a hierarchically structured material, the chemical distribution must be considered on different length scales. Here, a combination of imaging methods revealed the distribution of phenol–formaldehyde resin in impregnation-treated European beech wood within the scale of several millimeters or larger (macroscopic) and the micron scale (cellular level). The macroscopic resin distribution was quantified by hyperspectral near-infrared (NIR) image regression. A partial least square regression model accurately predicted the resin content in the range of 0–30 % with average prediction errors of ≤0.93 % for calibration and the test set. The cellular resin distribution was investigated by mapping the UV absorbance in selected regions of interest at high lateral resolution using UV microspectrophotometry (UMSP). The application of both imaging techniques to board sections revealed a process-dependent resin distribution. NIR image regression quantified the drying-induced migration of resin toward the board surfaces. UMSP measurements in selected regions revealed that this resin migration also affected the resin distribution across cell walls. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of combining chemical imaging techniques to quantify process-dependent heterogeneity and to develop efficient treatments for wood and other biomaterials.</p>
Show moreOrganizations and authors
Publication type
Publication format
Article
Parent publication type
Journal
Article type
Original article
Audience
ScientificPeer-reviewed
Peer-ReviewedMINEDU's publication type classification code
A1 Journal article (refereed), original researchPublication channel information
Journal
Publisher
Volume
225
Article number
111481
ISSN
Publication forum
Publication forum level
2
Open access
Open access in the publisher’s service
Yes
Open access of publication channel
Fully open publication channel
Self-archived
Yes
Article processing fee (EUR)
2300
Year of payment for the open publication fee
2022
Other information
Fields of science
Mechanical engineering; Materials engineering
Keywords
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Internationality of the publisher
International
Language
English
International co-publication
Yes
Co-publication with a company
No
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111481
The publication is included in the Ministry of Education and Culture’s Publication data collection
Yes