Precipitation of potassium as hazenite from washing water of spent alkaline batteries
Year of publication
2022
Authors
Lapinkangas, Suvi; Rautio, Lasse; Kauppinen, Toni; Hu, Tao; Pesonen, Janne; Lassi, Ulla
Abstract
Hazenite (KNaMg2(PO4)2 × 14 H2O), a new type of struvite mineral, was precipitated from the potassium-rich washing water of spent alkaline battery black mass. Hazenite can be used as a fertilizer, which would be an additional benefit derived from the sustainable recovery of battery materials. Precipitation experiments were performed using different pH values (9.5–12), Mg:K:PO4 ratios ((1.0–1.5):1:(1.0–1.5)) and temperatures (10–40 °C). Based on the results, hazenite precipitated in a wide pH range under alkaline conditions. The precipitation kinetics were fast, and the purity of the hazenite was high. Overall, hazenite can be precipitated at room temperature without the addition of excess chemicals, which minimizes the consumption of chemicals and energy.
Show moreOrganizations and authors
University of Jyväskylä
Lassi Ulla
Publication type
Publication format
Article
Parent publication type
Journal
Article type
Original article
Audience
ScientificPeer-reviewed
Peer-ReviewedMINEDU's publication type classification code
A1 Journal article (refereed), original researchPublication channel information
Publisher
Article number
100426
ISSN
Publication forum
Publication forum level
1
Open access
Open access in the publisher’s service
Yes
Open access of publication channel
Fully open publication channel
License of the publisher’s version
CC BY NC ND
Self-archived
Yes
License of the self-archived publication
CC BY NC ND
Other information
Fields of science
Chemical sciences; Chemical engineering; Environmental engineering
Keywords
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Publication country
Netherlands
Internationality of the publisher
International
Language
English
International co-publication
No
Co-publication with a company
Yes
DOI
10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100426
The publication is included in the Ministry of Education and Culture’s Publication data collection
Yes