2024

Väänänen, Olli; Rantonen, Mika

The evolution from the traditional Power Grids (PG) to the concept of Smart Grid (SG) is ongoing and one of the major drivers is the rise of the renewable energy in energy production. Traditionally the electricity production has been centralized to the large power plants and distribution distances have been very long. With renewable energy like solar or wind power the energy production is more decentralized. Also, the normal households can produce part of their electricity with their own solar panels and sell the excess electricity to the network. Overall, the power grid is becoming more complex and at the same time the modern society is more and more dependent on reliable power supply. In Smart Grid the data and energy flow are bidirectional and real-time observation data is required from the network to ensure reliable functioning of the grid. Precise, reliable, and fast fault detection and fault localization is important in the power grid. Most of the recent research is focused on utilizing different artificial intelligence solutions for fault detection and localization. Internet of Things solutions can provide data for analysis. This paper presents a survey of the state-of-the-art solutions found from the research papers for fault detection and fault localization in power grid utilizing Internet of Things solutions.