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Suitability of different methods for measuring black carbon emissions from marine engines

Year of publication

2022

Authors

Aakko-Saksa, Päivi; Kuittinen, Niina; Murtonen, Timo; Koponen, Päivi; Aurela, Minna; Järvinen, Anssi; Teinilä, Kimmo; Saarikoski, Sanna; Barreira, Luis M. F.; Salo, Laura; Karjalainen, Panu; Ortega, Ismael K.; Delhaye, David; Lehtoranta, Kati; Vesala, Hannu; Jalava, Pasi; Rönkkö, Topi; Timonen, Hilkka
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Abstract

Black carbon (BC) emissions intensify global warming and are linked to adverse health effects. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) considers the impact of BC emissions from international shipping. A prerequisite for the anticipated limits to BC emissions from marine engines is a reliable measurement method. The three candidate methods (photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), laser-induced incandescence (LII), and filter smoke number (FSN)) selected by the IMO were evaluated with extensive ship exhaust matrices obtained by different fuels, engines, and emission control devices. A few instruments targeted for atmospheric measurements were included as well. The BC concentrations were close to each other with the smoke meters (AVL 415S and 415SE), PAS (AVL MSS), LII (Artium-300), MAAP 5012, aethalometers (Magee AE-33 and AE-42), and EC (TOA). In most cases, the standard deviation between instruments was in the range of 5–15% at BC concentrations below 30 mg Sm−3. Some differences in the BC concentrations measured with these instruments were potentially related to the ratio of light-absorbing compounds to sulphates or to particle sizes and morphologies. In addition, calibrations, sampling, and correction of thermophoretic loss of BC explained differences in the BC results. However, overall differences in the BC results obtained with three candidate methods selected by the IMO were low despite challenging exhaust compositions from marine diesel engines. Findings will inform decision making on BC emission control from marine engines.
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Organizations and authors

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd

Järvinen Anssi

Vesala Hannu

Lehtoranta Kati Orcid -palvelun logo

Aakko-Saksa Päivi Orcid -palvelun logo

Koponen Päivi

Murtonen Timo

Finnish Meteorological Institute

Timonen Hilkka Orcid -palvelun logo

Teinilä Kimmo

Barreira Luis M. F. Orcid -palvelun logo

Aurela Minna Orcid -palvelun logo

Saarikoski Sanna

Tampere University

Salo Laura Orcid -palvelun logo

Kuittinen Niina Orcid -palvelun logo

Karjalainen Panu Orcid -palvelun logo

Rönkkö Topi Orcid -palvelun logo

Publication type

Publication format

Article

Parent publication type

Journal

Article type

Original article

Audience

Scientific

Peer-reviewed

Peer-Reviewed

MINEDU's publication type classification code

A1 Journal article (refereed), original research

Publication channel information

Volume

13

Issue

1

Article number

31

​Publication forum

85031

​Publication forum level

1

Open access

Open access in the publisher’s service

Yes

Open access of publication channel

Fully open publication channel

License of the publisher’s version

CC BY

Self-archived

Yes

Article processing fee (EUR)

1460

Other information

Fields of science

Physical sciences; Environmental engineering; Environmental sciences

Keywords

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Internationality of the publisher

International

Language

English

International co-publication

Yes

Co-publication with a company

No

DOI

10.3390/atmos13010031

The publication is included in the Ministry of Education and Culture’s Publication data collection

Yes