2023

Mishra, Anu; Zhou, Bin; Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea; Bixby, Honor; Singleton, Rosie K.; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Sheffer, Kate E.; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Bennett, James E.; Lhoste, Victor; Iurilli, Maria L. C.; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Bentham, James; Phelps, Nowell H.; Sophiea, Marisa K.; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Danaei, Goodarz; Cowan, Melanie J.; Savin, Stefan; Riley, Leanne M.; Gregg, Edward W.; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Ahmad, Noor Ani; Baker, Jennifer L.; Chirita-Emandi, Adela; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fink, Günther; Heinen, Mirjam; Ikeda, Nayu; Kengne, Andre P.; Khang, Young-Ho; Laatikainen, Tiina; Laxmaiah, Avula; Ma, Jun; Monroy-Valle, Michele; Mridha, Malay K.; Padez, Cristina P.; Reynolds, Andrew; Sorić, Maroje; Starc, Gregor; Wirth, James P.; Abarca-Gómez, Leandra; Abdeen, Ziad A.; Abdrakhmanova, Shynar; Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul; Abdul Rahim, Hanan F.; Abdurrahmonova, Zulfiya; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.; Garba, Jamila Abubakar; Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin; Adam, Ishag; Adamczyk, Marzena; Adams, Robert J.; Adu-Afarwuah, Seth; Afsana, Kaosar; Afzal, Shoaib; Agbor, Valirie N.; Agdeppa, Imelda A.; Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad; Aguenaou, Hassan; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.; Agyemang, Charles; Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Naser; Ahmadi, Nastaran; Ahmed, Imran; Ahmed, Soheir H.; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira; Ajlouni, Kamel; Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M.; Al-Lahou, Badreya; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; Al Hourani, Huda M.; Al Qaoud, Nawal M.; Alarouj, Monira; AlBuhairan, Fadia; AlDhukair, Shahla; Aldwairji, Maryam A.; Alexius, Sylvia; Ali, Mohamed M.; Alkandari, Abdullah; Alkerwi, Ala’a; Alkhatib, Buthaina M.; Allin, Kristine; Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar; Aly, Eman; Amarapurkar, Deepak N.; Etxezarreta, Pilar Amiano; Amoah, John; Amougou, Norbert; Amouyel, Philippe; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund A.; Androutsos, Odysseas; Ängquist, Lars; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Anufrieva, Elena; Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer; Araújo, Joana; Ariansen, Inger; Aris, Tahir; Arku, Raphael E.; Arlappa, Nimmathota; Aryal, Krishna K.; Aseffa, Nega; Aspelund, Thor; Assah, Felix K.; Assembekov, Batyrbek; Assunção, Maria Cecília F.; Aung, May Soe; Auvinen, Juha; Avdičová, Mária; Avi, Shina; Azevedo, Ana; Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen; Azizi, Fereidoun; Azmin, Mehrdad; Babu, Bontha V.; Jørgensen, Maja Bæksgaard; Baharudin, Azli; Bahijri, Suhad; Bakacs, Marta; Balakrishna, Nagalla; Balanova, Yulia; Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed; Banach, Maciej; Banegas, José R.; Baran, Joanna; Baran, Rafał; Barbagallo, Carlo M.; Filho, Valter Barbosa; Barceló, Alberto; Baretić, Maja; Barkat, Amina; Barnoya, Joaquin; Barrera, Lena; Barreto, Marta; Barros, Aluisio J. D.; Barros, Mauro Virgílio Gomes; Bartosiewicz, Anna; Basit, Abdul; Bastos, Joao Luiz D.; Bata, Iqbal; Batieha, Anwar M.; Batista, Aline P.; Batista, Rosangela L.; Battakova, Zhamilya; Baur, Louise A.; Bayauli, Pascal M.; Beaglehole, Robert; Bel-Serrat, Silvia; Belavendra, Antonisamy; Ben Romdhane, Habiba; Benedics, Judith; Benet, Mikhail; Rolandi, Gilda Estela Benitez; Bere, Elling; Bergh, Ingunn Holden; Berhane, Yemane; Berkinbayev, Salim; Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio; Bernotiene, Gailute; Carrasola, Ximena Berrios; Bettiol, Heloísa; Beutel, Manfred E.; Beybey, Augustin F.; Bezerra, Jorge; Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor; Bharadwaj, Sumit; Bhargava, Santosh K.; Bi, Hongsheng; Bi, Yufang; Bia, Daniel; Biasch, Katia; Lele, Elysée Claude Bika; Bikbov, Mukharram M.; Bista, Bihungum; Bjelica, Dusko J.; Bjerregaard, Anne A.; Bjerregaard, Peter; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius B.; Björkelund, Cecilia; Bloch, Katia V.; Blokstra, Anneke; Magnazu, Moran Blychfeld; Bo, Simona; Bobak, Martin; Boddy, Lynne M.; Boehm, Bernhard O.; Boer, Jolanda M. A.; Boggia, Jose G.; Bogova, Elena; Boissonnet, Carlos P.; Bojesen, Stig E.; Bonaccio, Marialaura; Bongard, Vanina; Bonilla-Vargas, Alice; Bopp, Matthias; Borghs, Herman; Bovet, Pascal; Boymatova, Khadichamo; Braeckevelt, Lien; Braeckman, Lutgart; Bragt, Marjolijn C. E.; Brajkovich, Imperia; Branca, Francesco; Breckenkamp, Juergen; Breda, João; Brenner, Hermann; Brewster, Lizzy M.; Brian, Garry R.; Briceño, Yajaira; Brinduse, Lacramioara; Brito, Miguel; Brophy, Sinead; Brug, Johannes; Bruno, Graziella; Bugge, Anna; Buntinx, Frank; Buoncristiano, Marta; Burazeri, Genc; Burns, Con; de León, Antonio Cabrera; Cacciottolo, Joseph; Cai, Hui; Caixeta, Roberta B.; Cama, Tilema; Cameron, Christine; Camolas, José; Can, Günay; Cândido, Ana Paula C.; Cañete, Felicia; Capanzana, Mario V.; Čapková, Naděžda; Capuano, Eduardo; Capuano, Rocco; Capuano, Vincenzo; Cardol, Marloes; Cardoso, Viviane C.; Carlsson, Axel C.; Carmuega, Esteban; Carvalho, Joana; Casajús, José A.; Casanueva, Felipe F.; Casas, Maribel; Celikcan, Ertugrul; Censi, Laura; Cervantes‐Loaiza, Marvin; Cesar, Juraci A.; Chamukuttan, Snehalatha; Chan, Angelique; Chan, Queenie; Chaturvedi, Himanshu K.; Chaturvedi, Nish; Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul; Chee, Miao Li; Chen, Chien-Jen; Chen, Fangfang; Chen, Huashuai; Chen, Shuohua; Chen, Zhengming; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Cheng, Yiling J.; Cheraghian, Bahman; Chetrit, Angela; Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina; Chinapaw, Mai J. M.; Chinnock, Anne; Chiolero, Arnaud; Chiou, Shu-Ti; Chirlaque, María-Dolores; Cho, Belong; Christensen, Kaare; Christofaro, Diego G.; Chudek, Jerzy; Cifkova, Renata; Cilia, Michelle; Cinteza, Eliza; Cirillo, Massimo; Claessens, Frank; Clarke, Janine; Clays, Els; Cohen, Emmanuel; Compañ-Gabucio, Laura-María; Concin, Hans; Confortin, Susana C.; Cooper, Cyrus; Coppinger, Tara C.; Corpeleijn, Eva; Cortés, Lilia Yadira; Costanzo, Simona; Cottel, Dominique; Cowell, Chris; Craig, Cora L.; Crampin, Amelia C.; Cross, Amanda J.; Crujeiras, Ana B.; Cruz, Juan J.; Csányi, Tamás; Csilla, Semánová; Cucu, Alexandra M.; Cui, Liufu; Cureau, Felipe V.; Cuschieri, Sarah; Czenczek-Lewandowska, Ewelina; D’Arrigo, Graziella; d’Orsi, Eleonora; Dacica, Liliana; Dallongeville, Jean; Damasceno, Albertino; Damsgaard, Camilla T.; Dankner, Rachel; Dantoft, Thomas M.; Dasgupta, Parasmani; Dastgiri, Saeed; Dauchet, Luc; Davletov, Kairat; de Assis, Maria Alice Altenburg; De Backer, Guy; De Bacquer, Dirk; De Curtis, Amalia; de Fragas Hinnig, Patrícia; de Gaetano, Giovanni; De Henauw, Stefaan; De Miguel-Etayo, Pilar; de Oliveira, Paula Duarte; De Ridder, David; De Ridder, Karin; de Rooij, Susanne R.; De Smedt, Delphine; Deepa, Mohan; Deev, Alexander D.; DeGennaro, Vincent; Delisle, Hélène; Delpeuch, Francis; Demarest, Stefaan; Dennison, Elaine; Dereń, Katarzyna; Deschamps, Valérie; Dhimal, Meghnath; Di Castelnuovo, Augusto; Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares; Díaz-Sánchez, María Elena; Diaz, Alejandro; Fernández, Pedro Díaz; Ripollés, María Pilar Díez; Dika, Zivka; Djalalinia, Shirin; Djordjic, Visnja; Do, Ha T. P.; Dobson, Annette J.; Dominguez, Liria; Donati, Maria Benedetta; Donfrancesco, Chiara; Dong, Guanghui; Dong, Yanhui; Donoso, Silvana P.; Döring, Angela; Dorobantu, Maria; Dorosty, Ahmad Reza; Doua, Kouamelan; Dragano, Nico; Drygas, Wojciech; Duan, Jia Li; Duante, Charmaine A.; Duboz, Priscilla; Duleva, Vesselka L.; Dulskiene, Virginija; Dumith, Samuel C.; Dushpanova, Anar; Dyussupova, Azhar; Dzerve, Vilnis; Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta; Echeverría, Guadalupe; Eddie, Ricky; Eftekhar, Ebrahim; Egbagbe, Eruke E.; Eggertsen, Robert; Eghtesad, Sareh; Eiben, Gabriele; Ekelund, Ulf; El-Khateeb, Mohammad; El Ammari, Laila; El Ati, Jalila; Eldemire-Shearer, Denise; Eliasen, Marie; Elliott, Paul; Endevelt, Ronit; Engle-Stone, Reina; Erasmus, Rajiv T.; Erbel, Raimund; Erem, Cihangir; Ergor, Gul; Eriksen, Louise; Eriksson, Johan G.; Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge; Eslami, Saeid; Esmaeili, Ali; Evans, Alun; Faeh, David; Fakhradiyev, Ildar; Fakhretdinova, Albina A.; Fall, Caroline H.; Faramarzi, Elnaz; Farjam, Mojtaba; Sant’Angelo, Victoria Farrugia; Fattahi, Mohammad Reza; Fawwad, Asher; Fawzi, Wafaie W.; Feigl, Edit; Felix-Redondo, Francisco J.; Ferguson, Trevor S.; Fernandes, Romulo A.; Fernández-Bergés, Daniel; Ferrante, Daniel; Ferrao, Thomas; Ferrari, Gerson; Ferrari, Marika; Ferrario, Marco M.; Ferreccio, Catterina; Ferreira, Haroldo S.; Ferrer, Eldridge; Ferrieres, Jean; Figueiró, Thamara Hubler; Fijalkowska, Anna; Fisberg, Mauro; Fischer, Krista; Foo, Leng Huat; Forsner, Maria; Fouad, Heba M.; Francis, Damian K.; do Carmo Franco, Maria; Fras, Zlatko; Frontera, Guillermo; Fuchs, Flavio D.; Fuchs, Sandra C.; Fujiati, Isti I.; Fujita, Yuki; Fumihiko, Matsuda; Furdela, Viktoriya; Furusawa, Takuro; Gaciong, Zbigniew; Gafencu, Mihai; Cuesta, Manuel Galán; Galbarczyk, Andrzej; Galenkamp, Henrike; Galeone, Daniela; Galfo, Myriam; Galvano, Fabio; Gao, Jingli; Gao, Pei; Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli; Mérida, María José García; Solano, Marta García; Gareta, Dickman; Garnett, Sarah P.; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel; Gasull, Magda; Gaya, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo; Gaya, Anelise Reis; Gazzinelli, Andrea; Gehring, Ulrike; Geiger, Harald; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; George, Ronnie; Ghaderi, Ebrahim; Ghanbari, Ali; Ghasemi, Erfan; Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina; Gialluisi, Alessandro; Giampaoli, Simona; Gianfagna, Francesco; Gieger, Christian; Gill, Tiffany K.; Giovannelli, Jonathan; Gironella, Glen; Giwercman, Aleksander; Gkiouras, Konstantinos; Glushkova, Natalya; Gluškova, Natalja; Godara, Ramesh; Godos, Justyna; Gogen, Sibel; Goldberg, Marcel; Goltzman, David; Gómez, Georgina; Gómez, Jesús Humberto Gómez; Gomez, Luis F.; Gómez, Santiago F.; Gomula, Aleksandra; da Silva, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro; Gonçalves, Helen; Gonçalves, Mauer; González-Alvarez, Ana D.; Gonzalez-Chica, David A.; González-Gil, Esther M.; Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela; González-Leon, Margot; González-Rivas, Juan P.; González-Villalpando, Clicerio; González-Villalpando, María-Elena; Gonzalez, Angel R.; Gottrand, Frederic; Graça, Antonio Pedro; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Grafnetter, Dušan; Grajda, Aneta; Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.; Gregor, Ronald D.; Gregório, Maria João; Grøholt, Else Karin; Grøntved, Anders; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gruden, Gabriella; Gu, Dongfeng; Guajardo, Viviana; Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela; Guallar-Castillón, Pilar; Gualtieri, Andrea; Gudmundsson, Elias F.; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Guerrero, Ramiro; Guessous, Idris; Guimaraes, Andre L.; Gulliford, Martin C.; Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna; Gunter, Marc J.; Guo, Xiu-Hua; Guo, Yin; Gupta, Prakash C.; Gupta, Rajeev; Gureje, Oye; González, Enrique Gutiérrez; Gutierrez, Laura; Gutzwiller, Felix; Gwee, Xinyi; Ha, Seongjun; Hadaegh, Farzad; Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A.; Haghshenas, Rosa; Hakimi, Hamid; Halkjær, Jytte; Hambleton, Ian R.; Hamzeh, Behrooz; Hanekom, Willem A.; Hange, Dominique; Hanif, Abu A. M.; Hantunen, Sari; Hao, Jie; Hardman, Carla Menêses; Kumar, Rachakulla Hari; Lassen, Tina Harmer; Harooni, Javad; Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad; Hassapidou, Maria; Hata, Jun; Haugsgjerd, Teresa; Hayes, Alison J.; He, Jiang; He, Yuan; He, Yuna; Heidinger-Felső, Regina; Heier, Margit; Hejgaard, Tatjana; Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth; dos Santos Henrique, Rafael; Henriques, Ana; Cadena, Leticia Hernandez; Herrala, Sauli; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Herrera, Victor M.; Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle; Herzig, Karl-Heinz; Heshmat, Ramin; Hill, Allan G.; Ho, Sai Yin; Ho, Suzanne C.; Hobbs, Michael; Höfelmann, Doroteia A.; Holdsworth, Michelle; Homayounfar, Reza; Homs, Clara; Hopman, Wilma M.; Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R.; Hormiga, Claudia M.; Horta, Bernardo L.; Houti, Leila; Howitt, Christina; Htay, Thein Thein; Htet, Aung Soe; Htike, Maung Maung Than; Hu, Yonghua; Huerta, José María; Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani; Huiart, Laetitia; Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac; Huisman, Martijn; Husseini, Abdullatif; Huu, Chinh Nguyen; Huybrechts, Inge; Hwalla, Nahla; Hyska, Jolanda; Iacoviello, Licia; Iakupova, Ellina M.; Ibarluzea, Jesús M.; Ibrahim, Mohsen M.; Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim; Ikram, M. Arfan; Iñiguez, Carmen; Iotova, Violeta; Irazola, Vilma E.; Ishida, Takafumi; Isiguzo, Godsent C.; Islam, Muhammad; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islek, Duygu; Ivanova-Pandourska, Ivaila Y.; Iwasaki, Masanori; Jääskeläinen, Tuija; Jackson, Rod T.; Jacobs, Jeremy M.; Jadoul, Michel; Jafar, Tazeen; Jallow, Bakary; James, Kenneth; Jamil, Kazi M.; Jamrozik, Konrad; Jansson, Anna; Janszky, Imre; Janus, Edward; Jarani, Juel; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Jasienska, Grazyna; Jelaković, Ana; Jelaković, Bojan; Jennings, Garry; Jiang, Chao Qiang; Jimenez, Ramon O.; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz; Joffres, Michel; Jokelainen, Jari J.; Jonas, Jost B.; Jonnagaddala, Jitendra; Jørgensen, Torben; Joshi, Pradeep; Josipović, Josipa; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jóźwiak, Jacek J.; Judge, Debra S.; Juolevi, Anne; Jurak, Gregor; Simina, Iulia Jurca; Juresa, Vesna; Kaaks, Rudolf; Kaducu, Felix O.; Kafatos, Anthony; Kaj, Mónika; Kajantie, Eero O.; Kakutia, Natia; Kállayová, Daniela; Kalmatayeva, Zhanna; Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra; Kameli, Yves; Kampmann, Freja B.; Kanala, Kodanda R.; Kannan, Srinivasan; Kapantais, Efthymios; Karaglani, Eva; Karakosta, Argyro; Kårhus, Line L.; Karki, Khem B.; Katchunga, Philippe B.; Katibeh, Marzieh; Katz, Joanne; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Kauhanen, Jussi; Kaur, Prabhdeep; Kavousi, Maryam; Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M.; Kaze, François F.; Ke, Calvin; Keil, Ulrich; Boker, Lital Keinan; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka; Kelishadi, Roya; Kelleher, Cecily; Kemper, Han C. G.; Keramati, Maryam; Kerimkulova, Alina; Kersting, Mathilde; Key, Timothy; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khaledifar, Arsalan; Khalili, Davood; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Kheiri, Bahareh; Kheradmand, Motahareh; Khosravi, Alireza; Khouw, Ilse M. S. L.; Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula; Kiechl, Sophia J.; Kiechl, Stefan; Killewo, Japhet; Kim, Hyeon Chang; Kim, Jeongseon; Kindblom, Jenny M.; Kingston, Andrew; Klakk, Heidi; Klimek, Magdalena; Klimont, Jeannette; Klumbiene, Jurate; Knoflach, Michael; Koirala, Bhawesh; Kolle, Elin; Kolsteren, Patrick; König, Jürgen; Korpelainen, Raija; Korrovits, Paul; Korzycka, Magdalena; Kos, Jelena; Koskinen, Seppo; Kouda, Katsuyasu; Kovács, Éva; Kovacs, Viktoria Anna; Kovalskys, Irina; Kowlessur, Sudhir; Koziel, Slawomir; Kratenova, Jana; Kratzer, Wolfgang; Kriaucioniene, Vilma; Kriemler, Susi; Kristensen, Peter Lund; Krizan, Helena; Kroker-Lobos, Maria F.; Krokstad, Steinar; Kromhout, Daan; Kruger, Herculina S.; Kruger, Ruan; Kryst, Łukasz; Kubinova, Ruzena; Kuciene, Renata; Kujala, Urho M.; Kujundzic, Enisa; Kulaga, Zbigniew; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kumar, R. Krishna; Kunešová, Marie; Kurjata, Pawel; Kusuma, Yadlapalli S.; Kutsenko, Vladimir; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Kyobutungi, Catherine; La, Quang Ngoc; Laamiri, Fatima Zahra; Lachat, Carl; Lackner, Karl J.; Laid, Youcef; Lall, Lachmie; Lam, Tai Hing; Jimenez, Maritza Landaeta; Landais, Edwige; Lanska, Vera; Lappas, Georg; Larijani, Bagher; Larissa, Simo Pone; Latt, Tint Swe; Laurenzi, Martino; Lauria, Laura; Lazo-Porras, Maria; Le Coroller, Gwenaëlle; Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh; Le Port, Agnès; Le, Tuyen D.; Lee, Jeannette; Lee, Jeonghee; Lee, Paul H.; Lehmann, Nils; Lehtimäki, Terho; Lemogoum, Daniel; Leskošek, Branimir; Leszczak, Justyna; Leth-Møller, Katja B.; Leung, Gabriel M.; Levitt, Naomi S.; Li, Yanping; Liivak, Merike; Lilly, Christa L.; Lim, Charlie; Lim, Wei-Yen; Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda; Lin, Hsien-Ho; Lin, Xu; Lin, Yi-Ting; Lind, Lars; Lingam, Vijaya; Linkohr, Birgit; Linneberg, Allan; Lissner, Lauren; Litwin, Mieczyslaw; Liu, Jing; Liu, Lijuan; Lo, Wei-Cheng; Loit, Helle-Mai; Long, Khuong Quynh; Abril, Guadalupe Longo; Lopes, Luis; Lopes, Marcus V. V.; Lopes, Oscar; Lopez-Garcia, Esther; Lopez, Tania; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lozano, José Eugenio; Lukrafka, Janice L.; Luksiene, Dalia; Lundqvist, Annamari; Lunet, Nuno; Lunogelo, Charles; Lustigová, Michala; Łuszczki, Edyta; M’Buyamba-Kabangu, Jean-René; Ma, Guansheng; Ma, Xu; Machado-Coelho, George L. L.; Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M.; Macia, Enguerran; Macieira, Luisa M.; Madar, Ahmed A.; Madsen, Anja L.; Maestre, Gladys E.; Maggi, Stefania; Magliano, Dianna J.; Magnacca, Sara; Magriplis, Emmanuella; Mahasampath, Gowri; Maire, Bernard; Majer, Marjeta; Makdisse, Marcia; Mäki, Päivi; Malekzadeh, Fatemeh; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malhotra, Rahul; Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna; Malyutina, Sofia K.; Maniego, Lynell V.; Manios, Yannis; Manix, Masimango Imani; Mann, Jim I.; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz; Manyanga, Taru; Manzato, Enzo; Marcil, Anie; Margozzini, Paula; Mariño, Joany; Markaki, Anastasia; Markey, Oonagh; Ioannidou, Eliza Markidou; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Marques, Larissa Pruner; Marrugat, Jaume; Martin-Prevel, Yves; Martin, Rosemarie; Martorell, Reynaldo; Martos, Eva; Maruszczak, Katharina; Marventano, Stefano; Masala, Giovanna; Mascarenhas, Luis P.; Masoodi, Shariq R.; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Mathur, Prashant; Matijasevich, Alicia; Matłosz, Piotr; Matsha, Tandi E.; Matsudo, Victor; Mavrogianni, Christina; Mazur, Artur; Mbanya, Jean Claude N.; McFarlane, Shelly R.; McGarvey, Stephen T.; McKee, Martin; McLachlan, Stela; McLean, Rachael M.; McLean, Scott B.; McNairy, Margaret L.; McNulty, Breige A.; Benchekor, Sounnia Mediene; Medzioniene, Jurate; Mehdipour, Parinaz; Mehlig, Kirsten; Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang; Meirhaeghe, Aline; Meisfjord, Jørgen; Meisinger, Christa; Melgarejo, Jesus D.; Melkumova, Marina; Mello, João; Méndez, Fabián; Mendivil, Carlos O.; Menezes, Ana Maria B.; Menon, Geetha R.; Mensink, Gert B. M.; Menzano, Maria Teresa; Meshram, Indrapal I.; Meto, Diane T.; Mi, Jie; Michaelsen, Kim F.; Michels, Nathalie; Mikkel, Kairit; Miłkowska, Karolina; Miller, Jody C.; Milushkina, Olga; Minderico, Cláudia S.; Mini, G. K.; Miquel, Juan Francisco; Miranda, J. Jaime; Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza; Mirkopoulou, Daphne; Mirrakhimov, Erkin; Mišigoj-Duraković, Marjeta; Mistretta, Antonio; Mocanu, Veronica; Modesti, Pietro A.; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Mohajer, Bahram; Mohamed, Mostafa K.; Mohamed, Shukri F.; Mohammad, Kazem; Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza; Mohammadi, Zahra; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza; Mohan, Viswanathan; Mohanna, Salim; Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd; Mohebbi, Iraj; Mohebi, Farnam; Moitry, Marie; Møllehave, Line T.; Møller, Niels C.; Molnár, Dénes; Momenan, Amirabbas; Mondo, Charles K.; Montenegro Mendoza, Roger A.; Monterrubio-Flores, Eric; Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K.; Moon, Jin Soo; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Mopa, Hermine T.; Moradpour, Farhad; Moreira, Leila B.; Morejon, Alain; Moreno, Luis A.; Morey, Francis; Morgan, Karen; Morin, Suzanne N.; Mortensen, Erik Lykke; Moschonis, George; Moslem, Alireza; Mossakowska, Malgorzata; Mostafa, Aya; Mostafavi, Seyed-Ali; Mota-Pinto, Anabela; Mota, Jorge; Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel; Motta, Jorge; Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos André; Movsesyan, Yeva; Msyamboza, Kelias P.; Mu, Thet Thet; Muc, Magdalena; Muca, Florian; Mugoša, Boban; Muiesan, Maria L.; Müller-Nurasyid, Martina; Münzel, Thomas; Mursu, Jaakko; Murtagh, Elaine M.; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Milanović, Sanja Musić; Musil, Vera; Musinguzi, Geofrey; Muyer, Muel Telo M. C.; Nabipour, Iraj; Naderimagham, Shohreh; Nagel, Gabriele; Najafi, Farid; Nakamura, Harunobu; Nalecz, Hanna; Námešná, Jana; Nang, Ei Ei K.; Nangia, Vinay B.; Nankap, Martin; Narake, Sameer; Nardone, Paola; Naseri, Take; Nauck, Matthias; Neal, William A.; Nejatizadeh, Azim; Nekkantti, Chandini; Nelis, Keiu; Nenko, Ilona; Neovius, Martin; Nervi, Flavio; Ng, Tze Pin; Nguyen, Chung T.; Nguyen, Nguyen D.; Nguyen, Quang Ngoc; Ni, Michael Y.; Nicolescu, Rodica; Nie, Peng; Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E.; Nikitin, Yury P.; Ning, Guang; Ninomiya, Toshiharu; Nishi, Nobuo; Nishtar, Sania; Noale, Marianna; Noboa, Oscar A.; Nogueira, Helena; Nordendahl, Maria; Nordestgaard, Børge G.; Noto, Davide; Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia; Nsour, Mohannad Al; Nuhoğlu, Irfan; Nunes, Baltazar; Nurk, Eha; Nuwaha, Fred; Nyirenda, Moffat; O’Neill, Terence W.; O’Reilly, Dermot; Obreja, Galina; Ochimana, Caleb; Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica M.; Oda, Eiji; Odili, Augustine N.; Oh, Kyungwon; Ohara, Kumiko; Ohlsson, Claes; Ohtsuka, Ryutaro; Olafsson, Örn; Olinto, Maria Teresa A.; Oliveira, Isabel O.; Omar, Mohd Azahadi; Omar, Saeed M.; Onat, Altan; Ong, Sok King; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Ono, Lariane M.; Ordunez, Pedro; Ornelas, Rui; Ortiz, Ana P.; Ortiz, Pedro J.; Osler, Merete; Osmond, Clive; Ostojic, Sergej M.; Ostovar, Afshin; Otero, Johanna A.; Overvad, Kim; Owusu-Dabo, Ellis; Paccaud, Fred Michel; Pagkalos, Ioannis; Pahomova, Elena; de Paiva, Karina Mary; Pająk, Andrzej; Palloni, Alberto; Palmieri, Luigi; Pan, Wen-Harn; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandey, Arvind; Panza, Francesco; Paoli, Mariela; Papadopoulou, Sousana K.; Papandreou, Dimitrios; Pareja, Rossina G.; Park, Soon-Woo; Park, Suyeon; Parnell, Winsome R.; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh; Pascanu, Ionela M.; Pasquet, Patrick; Patel, Nikhil D.; Pattussi, Marcos; Pavlyshyn, Halyna; Pechlaner, Raimund; Pećin, Ivan; Pednekar, Mangesh S.; Pedro, João M.; Peer, Nasheeta; Peixoto, Sergio Viana; Peltonen, Markku; Pereira, Alexandre C.; Peres, Marco A.; Pérez, Cynthia M.; Peterkova, Valentina; Peters, Annette; Petersmann, Astrid; Petkeviciene, Janina; Petrauskiene, Ausra; Kovtun, Olga Petrovna; Pettenuzzo, Emanuela; Peykari, Niloofar; Pfeiffer, Norbert; Phall, Modou Cheyassin; Pham, Son Thai; Pichardo, Rafael N.; Pierannunzio, Daniela; Pigeot, Iris; Pikhart, Hynek; Pilav, Aida; Pilotto, Lorenza; Pistelli, Francesco; Pitakaka, Freda; Piwonska, Aleksandra; Pizarro, Andreia N.; Plans-Rubió, Pedro; Platonova, Alina G.; Poh, Bee Koon; Pohlabeln, Hermann; Polka, Nadija S.; Pop, Raluca M.; Popovic, Stevo R.; Porta, Miquel; Posch, Georg; Poudyal, Anil; Poulimeneas, Dimitrios; Pouraram, Hamed; Pourfarzi, Farhad; Pourshams, Akram; Poustchi, Hossein; Pradeepa, Rajendra; Price, Alison J.; Price, Jacqueline F.; Prista, Antonio; Providencia, Rui; Puder, Jardena J.; Pudule, Iveta; Puiu, Maria; Punab, Margus; Qadir, Muhammed S.; Qasrawi, Radwan F.; Qorbani, Mostafa; Quintana, Hedley K.; Quiroga-Padilla, Pedro J.; Bao, Tran Quoc; Rach, Stefan; Radic, Ivana; Radisauskas, Ricardas; Rahimikazerooni, Salar; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mahmudur; Raitakari, Olli; Raj, Manu; Rajabov, Tamerlan; Rakhmatulloev, Sherali; Rakovac, Ivo; Rao, Sudha Ramachandra; Ramachandran, Ambady; Ramadan, Otim P. C.; Ramires, Virgílio V.; Ramke, Jacqueline; Ramos, Elisabete; Ramos, Rafel; Rampal, Lekhraj; Rampal, Sanjay; Rangelova, Lalka S.; Rarra, Vayia; Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A.; Rech, Cassiano Ricardo; Redon, Josep; Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M.; Regecová, Valéria; Renner, Jane D. P.; Repasy, Judit A.; Reuter, Cézane P.; Revilla, Luis; Rezaianzadeh, Abbas; Rho, Yeunsook; Ribas-Barba, Lourdes; Ribeiro, Robespierre; Riboli, Elio; Richter, Adrian; Rigo, Fernando; Rigotti, Attilio; Rinaldo, Natascia; Rinke de Wit, Tobias F.; Rito, Ana I.; Ritti-Dias, Raphael M.; Rivera, Juan A.; Roa, Reina G.; Robinson, Louise; Robitaille, Cynthia; Roccaldo, Romana; Rodrigues, Daniela; Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando; del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María; Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A.; Rodríguez, Andrea Y.; Roggenbuck, Ulla; Rohloff, Peter; Rohner, Fabian; Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba; Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa; Romaguera, Dora; Romeo, Elisabetta L.; Rosario, Rafaela V.; Rosengren, Annika; Rouse, Ian; Rouzier, Vanessa; Roy, Joel G. R.; Ruano, Maira H.; Rubinstein, Adolfo; Rühli, Frank J.; Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard; Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra; Ruiz-Castell, Maria; Moreno, Emma Ruiz; Rusakova, Iuliia A.; Jonsson, Kenisha Russell; Russo, Paola; Rust, Petra; Rutkowski, Marcin; Saamel, Marge; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Sabbaghi, Hamideh; Sacchini, Elena; Sachdev, Harshpal S.; Sadjadi, Alireza; Safarpour, Ali Reza; Safi, Sare; Safiri, Saeid; Saghi, Mohammad Hossien; Saidi, Olfa; Saki, Nader; Šalaj, Sanja; Salanave, Benoit; Martinez, Eduardo Salazar; Saleva, Calogero; Salmerón, Diego; Salomaa, Veikko; Salonen, Jukka T.; Salvetti, Massimo; Samoutian, Margarita; Sánchez-Abanto, Jose; Rodríguez, Inés Sánchez; Sandjaja, undefined; Sans, Susana; Marina, Loreto Santa; Santacruz, Ethel; Santos, Diana A.; Santos, Ina S.; Santos, Lèlita C.; Santos, Maria Paula; Santos, Osvaldo; Santos, Rute; Santos, Tamara R.; Saramies, Jouko L.; Sardinha, Luis B.; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Saum, Kai-Uwe; Savva, Savvas; Savy, Mathilde; Sawada, Norie; Sbaraini, Mariana; Scazufca, Marcia; Schaan, Beatriz D.; Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath; Schargrodsky, Herman; Schienkiewitz, Anja; Schindler, Karin; Schipf, Sabine; Schmidt, Carsten O.; Schmidt, Ida Maria; Schneider, Andrea; Schnohr, Peter; Schöttker, Ben; Schramm, Sara; Schramm, Stine; Schröder, Helmut; Schultsz, Constance; Schulze, Matthias B.; Schutte, Aletta E.; Sebert, Sylvain; Sedaghattalab, Moslem; Selamat, Rusidah; Sember, Vedrana; Sen, Abhijit; Senbanjo, Idowu O.; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Sequera, Guillermo; Serra-Majem, Luis; Servais, Jennifer; Ševčíková, Ľudmila; Shalnova, Svetlana; Shamah-Levy, Teresa; Shamshirgaran, Seyed Morteza; Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam; Sharafkhah, Maryam; Sharma, Sanjib K.; Shaw, Jonathan E.; Shayanrad, Amaneh; Shayesteh, Ali Akbar; Shengelia, Lela; Shi, Zumin; Shibuya, Kenji; Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana; Shimony, Tal; Shiri, Rahman; Shrestha, Namuna; Si-Ramlee, Khairil; Siani, Alfonso; Siantar, Rosalynn; Sibai, Abla M.; Sidossis, Labros S.; Silitrari, Natalia; Silva, Antonio M.; de Moura Silva, Caroline Ramos; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silva, Kelly S.; Sim, Xueling; Simon, Mary; Simons, Judith; Simons, Leon A.; Sjöberg, Agneta; Sjöström, Michael; Skoblina, Natalia A.; Skodje, Gry; Slazhnyova, Tatyana; Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta; Slusarczyk, Przemysław; Smeeth, Liam; So, Hung-Kwan; Soares, Fernanda Cunha; Sobek, Grzegorz; Sobngwi, Eugène; Sodemann, Morten; Söderberg, Stefan; Soekatri, Moesijanti Y. E.; Soemantri, Agustinus; Sofat, Reecha; Solfrizzi, Vincenzo; Somi, Mohammad Hossein; Sonestedt, Emily; Song, Yi; Soofi, Sajid; Sørensen, Thorkild I. A.; Sørgjerd, Elin P.; Jérome, Charles Sossa; Soto-Rojas, Victoria E.; Soumaré, Aïcha; Sousa-Poza, Alfonso; Sovic, Slavica; Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente; Sparrenberger, Karen; Spencer, Phoebe R.; Spinelli, Angela; Spiroski, Igor; Staessen, Jan A.; Stamm, Hanspeter; Staub, Kaspar; Stavreski, Bill; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Stehle, Peter; Stein, Aryeh D.; Stergiou, George S.; Stessman, Jochanan; Stevanović, Ranko; Stieber, Jutta; Stöckl, Doris; Stokwiszewski, Jakub; Stoyanova, Ekaterina; Stratton, Gareth; Stronks, Karien; Strufaldi, Maria Wany; Sturua, Lela; Suárez-Medina, Ramón; Suka, Machi; Sun, Chien-An; Sun, Liang; Sundström, Johan; Sung, Yn-Tz; Sunyer, Jordi; Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul; Sweis, Nabil William G.; Swinburn, Boyd A.; Sy, Rody G.; Sylva, René Charles; Szklo, Moyses; Szponar, Lucjan; Tabone, Lorraine; Tai, E. Shyong; Tambalis, Konstantinos D.; Tammesoo, Mari-Liis; Tamosiunas, Abdonas; Tan, Eng Joo; Tang, Xun; Tanrygulyyeva, Maya; Tanser, Frank; Tao, Yong; Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul; Tarp, Jakob; Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B.; Braunerová, Radka Taxová; Taylor, Anne; Taylor, Julie; Tchibindat, Félicité; Te Velde, Saskia; Tebar, William R.; Tell, Grethe S.; Tello, Tania; Tham, Yih Chung; Thankappan, K. R.; Theobald, Holger; Theodoridis, Xenophon; Thomas, Nihal; Thorand, Barbara; Thuesen, Betina H.; Tichá, Ľubica; Timmermans, Erik J.; Tjandrarini, Dwi H.; Tjonneland, Anne; Tolonen, Hanna K.; Tolstrup, Janne S.; Topbas, Murat; Topór-Mądry, Roman; Torheim, Liv Elin; Tormo, María José; Tornaritis, Michael J.; Torrent, Maties; Torres-Collado, Laura; Toselli, Stefania; Touloumi, Giota; Traissac, Pierre; Tran, Thi Tuyet-Hanh; Tremblay, Mark S.; Triantafyllou, Areti; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Trinh, Oanh T. H.; Trivedi, Atul; Tsao, Yu-Hsiang; Tshepo, Lechaba; Tsigga, Maria; Tsintavis, Panagiotis; Tsugane, Shoichiro; Tuitele, John; Tuliakova, Azaliia M.; Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K.; Tullu, Fikru; Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Turley, Maria L.; Twig, Gilad; Tynelius, Per; Tzala, Evangelia; Tzotzas, Themistoklis; Tzourio, Christophe; Ueda, Peter; Ugel, Eunice; Ukoli, Flora A. M.; Ulmer, Hanno; Unal, Belgin; Usupova, Zhamyila; Uusitalo, Hannu M. T.; Uysal, Nalan; Vaitkeviciute, Justina; Valdivia, Gonzalo; Vale, Susana; Valvi, Damaskini; van Dam, Rob M.; van den Born, Bert-Jan; Van der Heyden, Johan; van der Schouw, Yvonne T.; Van Herck, Koen; Van Lippevelde, Wendy; Van Minh, Hoang; Van Schoor, Natasja M.; van Valkengoed, Irene G. M.; Vanderschueren, Dirk; Vanuzzo, Diego; Varbo, Anette; Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio; Vargas, Luz Nayibe; Varona-Pérez, Patricia; Vasan, Senthil K.; Vasques, Daniel G.; Vega, Tomas; Veidebaum, Toomas; Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo; Velika, Biruta; Verloigne, Maïté; Veronesi, Giovanni; Verschuren, W. M. Monique; Victora, Cesar G.; Viegi, Giovanni; Viet, Lucie; Vik, Frøydis N.; Vilar, Monica; Villalpando, Salvador; Vioque, Jesus; Virtanen, Jyrki K.; Visvikis-Siest, Sophie; Viswanathan, Bharathi; Vladulescu, Mihaela; Vlasoff, Tiina; Vocanec, Dorja; Vollenweider, Peter; Völzke, Henry; Voutilainen, Ari; Vrijheid, Martine; Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M.; Wade, Alisha N.; Waldhör, Thomas; Walton, Janette; Wambiya, Elvis O. A.; Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan; Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan; de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Rildo; Wang, Ming-Dong; Wang, Ningli; Wang, Qian; Wang, Xiangjun; Wang, Ya Xing; Wang, Ying-Wei; Wannamethee, S. Goya; Wareham, Nicholas; Weber, Adelheid; Webster-Kerr, Karen; Wedderkopp, Niels; Weghuber, Daniel; Wei, Wenbin; Weres, Aneta; Werner, Bo; Westbury, Leo D.; Whincup, Peter H.; Wickramasinghe, Kremlin; Widhalm, Kurt; Widyahening, Indah S.; Więcek, Andrzej; Wild, Philipp S.; Wilks, Rainford J.; Willeit, Johann; Willeit, Peter; Williams, Julianne; Wilsgaard, Tom; Wojciech, Rusek; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Wolf, Kathrin; Wong-McClure, Roy A.; Wong, Andrew; Wong, Emily B.; Wong, Jyh Eiin; Wong, Tien Yin; Woo, Jean; Woodward, Mark; Wu, Frederick C.; Wu, Hon-Yen; Wu, Jianfeng; Wu, Li Juan; Wu, Shouling; Wyszyńska, Justyna; Xu, Haiquan; Xu, Liang; Yaacob, Nor Azwany; Yamborisut, Uruwan; Yan, Weili; Yang, Ling; Yang, Xiaoguang; Yang, Yang; Yardim, Nazan; Yasuharu, Tabara; García, Martha Yépez; Yiallouros, Panayiotis K.; Yngve, Agneta; Yoosefi, Moein; Yoshihara, Akihiro; You, Qi Sheng; You, San-Lin; Younger-Coleman, Novie O.; Yu, Yu-Ling; Yu, Yunjiang; Yusof, Safiah Md; Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi; Zaccagni, Luciana; Zafiropulos, Vassilis; Zainuddin, Ahmad A.; Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul; Zamani, Farhad; Zambon, Sabina; Zampelas, Antonis; Zamrazilová, Hana; Zapata, Maria Elisa; Zargar, Abdul Hamid; Zaw, Ko Ko; Zayed, Ayman A.; Zdrojewski, Tomasz; Żegleń, Magdalena; Zejglicova, Kristyna; Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic; Zeng, Yi; Zhang, Luxia; Zhang, Zhen-Yu; Zhao, Dong; Zhao, Ming-Hui; Zhao, Wenhua; Zhecheva, Yanitsa V.; Zhen, Shiqi; Zheng, Wei; Zheng, Yingfeng; Zholdin, Bekbolat; Zhou, Maigeng; Zhu, Dan; Zins, Marie; Zitt, Emanuel; Zocalo, Yanina; Zoghlami, Nada; Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga; Zuziak, Monika; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Black, Robert E.; Ezzati, Majid

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1,2,3,4,5,6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.